Protoplasm – The Living Substance of Cells

 Protoplasm – The Living Substance of Cells

Protoplasm is the living material inside a cell. It includes both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Scientists often call it the "physical basis of life" because all life processes happen within it.

Composition of Protoplasm
Protoplasm is mainly made of:

Water (70-90%) – The main component that helps in chemical reactions.

Proteins – Important for growth and repair.

Carbohydrates – Provide energy.

Lipids (Fats) – Store energy.

Minerals & Salts – Maintain cell functions.


Parts of Protoplasm

1. Cytoplasm – The jelly-like part outside the nucleus where organelles like mitochondria and ribosomes are present.


2. Nucleoplasm – The fluid inside the nucleus that contains DNA and controls cell activities.


Functions of Protoplasm

Helps in growth and repair of cells.

Carries out metabolism (chemical reactions in the body).

Transports nutrients and waste.

Supports cell division and reproduction.


Conclusion


Protoplasm is the essential substance of life. Without it, cells cannot survive. Scientists are still studying its complex nature to understand how

 life functions at the microscopic level.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

How Our Digestive System Works

 How Our Digestive System Works The digestive system is an amazing part of our body. It helps us break down food, absorb nutrients, and get rid of waste. Let’s take a simple journey through the digestive system to understand how it works. Step 1: The Mouth – Where Digestion Begins Digestion starts in the mouth. When we eat, our teeth chew the food into small pieces. Our saliva (spit) contains special chemicals called enzymes that help break down the food. The tongue pushes the food toward the throat, and we swallow it. Step 2: The Esophagus – A Food Tunnel After swallowing, the food enters a long tube called the esophagus. This tube connects the mouth to the stomach. The esophagus uses muscle movements (called peristalsis) to push the food down into the stomach. Step 3: The Stomach – Breaking Down Food In the stomach, food is mixed with strong acids and digestive juices. These break down food into a liquid-like mixture called chyme. The stomach muscles also help in mixing and churn...
Read more

Title: The Human Immune System: Our Body's Defense Mechanism

 The Human Immune System: Our Body's Defense Mechanism Introduction: The human body is constantly under attack from harmful pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Fortunately, we have a built-in defense system—the immune system—that protects us from these invaders. In this blog, we'll explore how the immune system works, its different components, and why it's crucial for maintaining our health. What is the Immune System? The immune system is a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against harmful invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. It can recognize and respond to foreign substances (antigens), protecting us from infections and diseases. Key Components of the Immune System: 1. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes): These are the body's primary defenders. They identify and destroy pathogens. There are two main types: Phagocytes: These cells engulf and digest foreign particles. Lymphocytes: These cells are respons...
Read more

The Human Heart: A Marvel of Nature

 The Human Heart: The human heart is one of the most important organs in the body, working tirelessly to pump blood and keep us alive. It is located in the chest, slightly to the left, and is about the size of a fist. The heart is made up of muscle tissue and is divided into four chambers: two atria at the top and two ventricles at the bottom. Structure of the Heart 1. Atria: The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the right ventricle. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it to the left ventricle. 2. Ventricles: The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body. 3. Valves: Four valves prevent the backflow of blood and ensure it moves in the correct direction. These are the tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve, and aortic valve. How the Heart Works The heart works like a pump. It contracts and relaxes, creating a cycle called the card...
Read more